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    Corneal stroma microfibrils

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    Article
    Authors
    Hanlon, Samuel D.
    Behzad, Ali Reza
    Sakai, Lynn Y.
    Burns, Alan R.
    KAUST Department
    Advanced Nanofabrication, Imaging and Characterization Core Lab
    Electron Microscopy
    Date
    2015-01-19
    Embargo End Date
    2016-01-19
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/566090
    
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    Abstract
    Elastic tissue was first described well over a hundred years ago and has since been identified in nearly every part of the body. In this review, we examine elastic tissue in the corneal stroma with some mention of other ocular structures which have been more thoroughly described in the past. True elastic fibers consist of an elastin core surrounded by fibrillin microfibrils. However, the presence of elastin fibers is not a requirement and some elastic tissue is comprised of non-elastin-containing bundles of microfibrils. Fibers containing a higher relative amount of elastin are associated with greater elasticity and those without elastin, with structural support. Recently it has been shown that the microfibrils, not only serve mechanical roles, but are also involved in cell signaling through force transduction and the release of TGF-β. A well characterized example of elastin-free microfibril bundles (EFMBs) is found in the ciliary zonules which suspend the crystalline lens in the eye. Through contraction of the ciliary muscle they exert enough force to reshape the lens and thereby change its focal point. It is believed that the molecules comprising these fibers do not turn-over and yet retain their tensile strength for the life of the animal. The mechanical properties of the cornea (strength, elasticity, resiliency) would suggest that EFMBs are present there as well. However, many authors have reported that, although present during embryonic and early postnatal development, EFMBs are generally not present in adults. Serial-block-face imaging with a scanning electron microscope enabled 3D reconstruction of elements in murine corneas. Among these elements were found fibers that formed an extensive network throughout the cornea. In single sections these fibers appeared as electron dense patches. Transmission electron microscopy provided additional detail of these patches and showed them to be composed of fibrils (~10nm diameter). Immunogold evidence clearly identified these fibrils as fibrillin EFMBs and EFMBs were also observed with TEM (without immunogold) in adult mammals of several species. Evidence of the presence of EFMBs in adult corneas will hopefully pique an interest in further studies that will ultimately improve our understanding of the cornea's biomechanical properties and its capacity to repair.
    Citation
    Hanlon, S. D., Behzad, A. R., Sakai, L. Y., & Burns, A. R. (2015). Corneal stroma microfibrils. Experimental Eye Research, 132, 198–207. doi:10.1016/j.exer.2015.01.014
    Sponsors
    We thank Evelyn Brown for her excellent help in preparation of EM specimens, and Paul Harris, Paul Landry, Siri Magadi, Nancy Shenoi, and Ian Smith for segmentation and 3D image reconstruction. Research results reported from our laboratory were obtained from projects supported by NEI grants: EY17120, EY007551 and HL116524.
    Publisher
    Elsevier BV
    Journal
    Experimental Eye Research
    DOI
    10.1016/j.exer.2015.01.014
    PubMed ID
    25613072
    PubMed Central ID
    PMC4379971
    Additional Links
    http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4379971?pdf=render
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.exer.2015.01.014
    Scopus Count
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