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    Regulation and function of DNA methylation in plants and animals

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    He, Xinjian
    Chen, Taiping
    Zhu, Jian-Kang cc
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Center for Desert Agriculture
    Date
    2011-02-15
    Online Publication Date
    2011-02-15
    Print Publication Date
    2011-03
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/566024
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark involved in diverse biological processes. In plants, DNA methylation can be established through the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway, an RNA interference pathway for transcriptional gene silencing (TGS), which requires 24-nt small interfering RNAs. In mammals, de novo DNA methylation occurs primarily at two developmental stages: during early embryogenesis and during gametogenesis. While it is not clear whether establishment of DNA methylation patterns in mammals involves RNA interference in general, de novo DNA methylation and suppression of transposons in germ cells require 24-32-nt piwi-interacting small RNAs. DNA methylation status is dynamically regulated by DNA methylation and demethylation reactions. In plants, active DNA demethylation relies on the repressor of silencing 1 family of bifunctional DNA glycosylases, which remove the 5-methylcytosine base and then cleave the DNA backbone at the abasic site, initiating a base excision repair (BER) pathway. In animals, multiple mechanisms of active DNA demethylation have been proposed, including a deaminase- and DNA glycosylase-initiated BER pathway. New information concerning the effects of various histone modifications on the establishment and maintenance of DNA methylation has broadened our understanding of the regulation of DNA methylation. The function of DNA methylation in plants and animals is also discussed in this review. © 2011 IBCB, SIBS, CAS All rights reserved.
    Citation
    He, X.-J., Chen, T., & Zhu, J.-K. (2011). Regulation and function of DNA methylation in plants and animals. Cell Research, 21(3), 442–465. doi:10.1038/cr.2011.23
    Sponsors
    This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health grants R01GM070795 and R01GM059138 to J-KZ.
    Publisher
    Springer Nature
    Journal
    Cell Research
    DOI
    10.1038/cr.2011.23
    PubMed ID
    21321601
    PubMed Central ID
    PMC3152208
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1038/cr.2011.23
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; Center for Desert Agriculture

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