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    The phototransduction machinery in the rod outer segment has a strong efficacy gradient

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Mazzolini, Monica
    Facchetti, Giuseppe
    Andolfi, Laura
    Zaccaria, Remo Proietti
    Tuccio, Salvatore
    Treud, Johannes
    Altafini, Claudio
    Di Fabrizio, Enzo M. cc
    Lazzarino, Marco
    Rapp, Gert
    Torre, Vincent
    KAUST Department
    Material Science and Engineering Program
    Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division
    Date
    2015-05-04
    Online Publication Date
    2015-05-04
    Print Publication Date
    2015-05-19
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/564170
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Rod photoreceptors consist of an outer segment (OS) and an inner segment. Inside the OS a biochemical machinery transforms the rhodopsin photoisomerization into electrical signal. This machinery has been treated as and is thought to be homogenous with marginal inhomogeneities. To verify this assumption, we developed a methodology based on special tapered optical fibers (TOFs) to deliver highly localized light stimulations. By using these TOFs, specific regions of the rod OS could be stimulated with spots of light highly confined in space. As the TOF is moved from the OS base toward its tip, the amplitude of saturating and single photon responses decreases, demonstrating that the efficacy of the transduction machinery is not uniform and is 5-10 times higher at the base than at the tip. This gradient of efficacy of the transduction machinery is attributed to a progressive depletion of the phosphodiesterase along the rod OS. Moreover we demonstrate that, using restricted spots of light, the duration of the photoresponse along the OS does not increase linearly with the light intensity as with diffuse light. © 2015, National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
    Sponsors
    We thank Profs. Trevor Lamb and Fabio Benfenati for reading the manuscript, M. Lough for checking the English, and Paolo Fabris for MatLab support. This work was supported by FOCUS Contract 270483 (FP7-ICT-2009-6) from the European Union.
    Publisher
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Journal
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    DOI
    10.1073/pnas.1423162112
    PubMed ID
    25941368
    PubMed Central ID
    PMC4443333
    Additional Links
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4443333
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1073/pnas.1423162112
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division; Material Science and Engineering Program

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