• Login
    View Item 
    •   Home
    • Research
    • Articles
    • View Item
    •   Home
    • Research
    • Articles
    • View Item
    JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it.

    Browse

    All of KAUSTCommunitiesIssue DateSubmit DateThis CollectionIssue DateSubmit Date

    My Account

    Login

    Quick Links

    Open Access PolicyORCID LibguideTheses and Dissertations LibguideSubmit an Item

    Statistics

    Display statistics

    Novel carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase catalyzes the first dedicated step in saffron crocin biosynthesis

    • CSV
    • RefMan
    • EndNote
    • BibTex
    • RefWorks
    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Frusciante, Sarah
    Diretto, Gianfranco
    Bruno, Mark
    Ferrante, Paola
    Pietrella, Marco
    Prado-Cabrero, Alfonso
    Rubio-Moraga, Ángela L.
    Beyer, Peter D.
    Gómez-Gómez, Lourdes
    Al-Babili, Salim cc
    Giuliano, Giovanni
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Bioscience Program
    Center for Desert Agriculture
    Environmental Science and Engineering Program
    Plant Science
    Plant Science Program
    Date
    2014-08-05
    Online Publication Date
    2014-08-05
    Print Publication Date
    2014-08-19
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/563692
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Crocus sativus stigmas are the source of the saffron spice and accumulate the apocarotenoids crocetin, crocins, picrocrocin, and safranal, responsible for its color, taste, and aroma. Through deep transcriptome sequencing, we identified a novel dioxygenase, carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 2 (CCD2), expressed early during stigma development and closely related to, but distinct from, the CCD1 dioxygenase family. CCD2 is the only identified member of a novel CCD clade, presents the structural features of a bona fide CCD, and is able to cleave zeaxanthin, the presumed precursor of saffron apocarotenoids, both in Escherichia coli and in maize endosperm. The cleavage products, identified through high-resolution mass spectrometry and comigration with authentic standards, are crocetin dialdehyde and crocetin, respectively. In vitro assays show that CCD2 cleaves sequentially the 7,8 and 7′,8′ double bonds adjacent to a 3-OH-β-ionone ring and that the conversion of zeaxanthin to crocetin dialdehyde proceeds via the C30 intermediate 3-OH-β-apo-8′-carotenal. In contrast, zeaxanthin cleavage dioxygenase (ZCD), an enzyme previously claimed to mediate crocetin formation, did not cleave zeaxanthin or 3-OH-β-apo-8′-carotenal in the test systems used. Sequence comparison and structure prediction suggest that ZCD is an N-truncated CCD4 form, lacking one blade of the β-propeller structure conserved in all CCDs. These results constitute strong evidence that CCD2 catalyzes the first dedicated step in crocin biosynthesis. Similar to CCD1, CCD2 has a cytoplasmic localization, suggesting that it may cleave carotenoids localized in the chromoplast outer envelope.
    Citation
    Frusciante, S., Diretto, G., Bruno, M., Ferrante, P., Pietrella, M., Prado-Cabrero, A., … Giuliano, G. (2014). Novel carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase catalyzes the first dedicated step in saffron crocin biosynthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(33), 12246–12251. doi:10.1073/pnas.1404629111
    Sponsors
    We thank Hansgeorg Ernst for providing the synthetic substrates; Chiara Lico for a gift of N. benthamiana plants and for helpin agroinfiltration experiments; Elena Romano and Emanuela Viaggiu at the Centre of Advanced Microscopy "Patrizia Albertano" for the confocal images; Gaetano Perrotta, Paolo Facella, and Fabrizio Carbone for 454 sequencing; and Alessia Fiore for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Italian Ministry of Research (Project "Integrated Knowledge for the Sustainability and Innovation of Italian Agri-Food"), German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) Grant AL 892/1-4, the European Union [The development of tools and effective strategies for the optimisation of useful secondary metabolite production in planta, Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) Contract 244348; From discovery to products: A next generation pipeline for the sustainable generation of high-value plant products, FP7 Contract 613153], the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (BIO2009-07803), and the Iberoamerican Network for the Study of Carotenoids as Food Ingredients (112RT0445). S. F. was supported by short-term fellowships of the PlantEngine (FA1006) and Saffronomics (FA1101) European Cooperation in Science and Technology actions.
    Publisher
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Journal
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    DOI
    10.1073/pnas.1404629111
    PubMed ID
    25097262
    PubMed Central ID
    PMC4143034
    Additional Links
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4143034
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1073/pnas.1404629111
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; Bioscience Program; Environmental Science and Engineering Program; Plant Science Program; Center for Desert Agriculture

    entitlement

    Related articles

    • The carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase CCD2 catalysing the synthesis of crocetin in spring crocuses and saffron is a plastidial enzyme.
    • Authors: Ahrazem O, Rubio-Moraga A, Berman J, Capell T, Christou P, Zhu C, Gómez-Gómez L
    • Issue date: 2016 Jan
    • Intron retention and rhythmic diel pattern regulation of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 2 during crocetin biosynthesis in saffron.
    • Authors: Ahrazem O, Rubio-Moraga A, Argandoña-Picazo J, Castillo R, Gómez-Gómez L
    • Issue date: 2016 Jun
    • Evolutionarily distinct carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases are responsible for crocetin production in Buddleja davidii.
    • Authors: Ahrazem O, Diretto G, Argandoña J, Rubio-Moraga Á, Julve JM, Orzáez D, Granell A, Gómez-Gómez L
    • Issue date: 2017 Jul 20
    • Gardenia carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4a is an efficient tool for biotechnological production of crocins in green and non-green plant tissues.
    • Authors: Zheng X, Mi J, Balakrishna A, Liew KX, Ablazov A, Sougrat R, Al-Babili S
    • Issue date: 2022 Nov
    • Transcriptome analysis reveals novel enzymes for apo-carotenoid biosynthesis in saffron and allows construction of a pathway for crocetin synthesis in yeast.
    • Authors: Tan H, Chen X, Liang N, Chen R, Chen J, Hu C, Li Q, Li Q, Pei W, Xiao W, Yuan Y, Chen W, Zhang L
    • Issue date: 2019 Sep 24
    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2023  DuraSpace
    Quick Guide | Contact Us | KAUST University Library
    Open Repository is a service hosted by 
    Atmire NV
     

    Export search results

    The export option will allow you to export the current search results of the entered query to a file. Different formats are available for download. To export the items, click on the button corresponding with the preferred download format.

    By default, clicking on the export buttons will result in a download of the allowed maximum amount of items. For anonymous users the allowed maximum amount is 50 search results.

    To select a subset of the search results, click "Selective Export" button and make a selection of the items you want to export. The amount of items that can be exported at once is similarly restricted as the full export.

    After making a selection, click one of the export format buttons. The amount of items that will be exported is indicated in the bubble next to export format.