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    Fish consumption behavior and rates in native and non-native people in Saudi Arabia

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Burger, Joanna
    Gochfeld, Michael
    Batang, Zenon B. cc
    Mannalamkunnath Alikunhi, Nabeel
    Aljahdali, Ramzi cc
    Al-Jebreen, Dalal Hamad
    Aziz, Mohammed A M
    Al-Suwailem, Abdulaziz M.
    KAUST Department
    Coastal and Marine Resources Core Lab
    Marine Operations
    Research Support
    KAUST Grant Number
    KAUST/MoA 228211
    Date
    2014-06-11
    Embargo End Date
    2015-06-11
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/563671
    
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    Abstract
    Fish are a healthy source of protein and nutrients, but contaminants in fish may provide health risks. Determining the risk from contaminants in fish requires site-specific information on consumption patterns. We examine consumption rates for resident and expatriates in the Jeddah region of Saudi Arabia, by species of fish and fishing location. For Saudis, 3.7% of males and 4.3% of females do not eat fish; for expatriates, the percent not eating fish is 6.6% and 6.1% respectively. Most people eat fish at home (over 90%), and many eat fish at restaurants (65% and 48%, respectively for Saudis and expatriates). Fish eaten at home comes from local fish markets, followed by supermarkets. Saudis included fish in their diets at an average of 1.4±1.2 meals/week at home and 0.8±0.7 meals/week at restaurants, while expats ate 2.0±1.7 meals/week at home and 1.1±1.1 meals/week in restaurants. Overall, Saudis ate 2.2 fish meals/week, while expats ate 3.1 meals/week. Grouper (Epinephelus and Cephalopholis) were eaten by 72% and 60% respectively. Plectropomus pessuliferus was the second favorite for both groups and Hipposcarus harid and Lethrinus lentjan were in 3rd and 4th place in terms of consumption. Average meal size was 68. g for Saudis and 128. g for expatriates. These data can be used by health professionals, risk assessors, and environmental regulators to examine potential risk from contaminants in fish, and to compare consumption rates with other sites. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.
    Citation
    Burger, J., Gochfeld, M., Batang, Z., Alikunhi, N., Al-Jahdali, R., Al-Jebreen, D., … Al-Suwailem, A. (2014). Fish consumption behavior and rates in native and non-native people in Saudi Arabia. Environmental Research, 133, 141–148. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.014
    Sponsors
    This research was funded by the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) to KAUST (KAUST/MoA 228211), with additional funds to JB and MG from EOHSI, NIEHS (P30ES005022), and Rutgers University. The support and assistance extended by the KAUST Administration and CMOR staff are deeply appreciated. We thank also the many people who have discussed these topics with us, or who have helped in the research, including R. Schoeny, A. Stern, D. Carpenter, N. Ralston, M. Lemire, D. Mergler, S. Silbernagel, E. Silbergeld, E. Groth, C. Chess, C. Jeitner, T. Pittfield, and M. Donio. We also gratefully acknowledge the logistical help provided by C. Jeitner. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors, and do not represent the funding agencies.
    Publisher
    Elsevier BV
    Journal
    Environmental Research
    DOI
    10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.014
    PubMed ID
    24926920
    PubMed Central ID
    PMC4467211
    Additional Links
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4467211
    http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4467211?pdf=render
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.014
    Scopus Count
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