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    Biomass changes and trophic amplification of plankton in a warmer ocean

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Chust, Guillem
    Allen, Julian Icarus
    Bopp, Laurent
    Schrum, Corinna
    Holt, Jason T.
    Tsiaras, Kostas P.
    Zavatarelli, Marco
    Chifflet, Marina
    Cannaby, Heather
    Dadou, Isabelle C.
    Daewel, Ute
    Wakelin, Sarah L.
    Machú, Eric
    Pushpadas, Dhanya
    Butenschön, Momme
    Artioli, Yuri
    Petihakis, George
    Smith, Chris J M
    Garçon, Véronique C.
    Goubanova, Katerina
    Le Vu, Briac
    Fach, Bettina A.
    Salihoglu, Baris
    Clementi, Emanuela
    Irigoien, Xabier cc
    KAUST Department
    Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Marine Science Program
    Plankton ecology Research Group
    Date
    2014-05-07
    Online Publication Date
    2014-05-07
    Print Publication Date
    2014-07
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/563540
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Ocean warming can modify the ecophysiology and distribution of marine organisms, and relationships between species, with nonlinear interactions between ecosystem components potentially resulting in trophic amplification. Trophic amplification (or attenuation) describe the propagation of a hydroclimatic signal up the food web, causing magnification (or depression) of biomass values along one or more trophic pathways. We have employed 3-D coupled physical-biogeochemical models to explore ecosystem responses to climate change with a focus on trophic amplification. The response of phytoplankton and zooplankton to global climate-change projections, carried out with the IPSL Earth System Model by the end of the century, is analysed at global and regional basis, including European seas (NE Atlantic, Barents Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Bay of Biscay, Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea) and the Eastern Boundary Upwelling System (Benguela). Results indicate that globally and in Atlantic Margin and North Sea, increased ocean stratification causes primary production and zooplankton biomass to decrease in response to a warming climate, whilst in the Barents, Baltic and Black Seas, primary production and zooplankton biomass increase. Projected warming characterized by an increase in sea surface temperature of 2.29 ± 0.05 °C leads to a reduction in zooplankton and phytoplankton biomasses of 11% and 6%, respectively. This suggests negative amplification of climate driven modifications of trophic level biomass through bottom-up control, leading to a reduced capacity of oceans to regulate climate through the biological carbon pump. Simulations suggest negative amplification is the dominant response across 47% of the ocean surface and prevails in the tropical oceans; whilst positive trophic amplification prevails in the Arctic and Antarctic oceans. Trophic attenuation is projected in temperate seas. Uncertainties in ocean plankton projections, associated to the use of single global and regional models, imply the need for caution when extending these considerations into higher trophic levels. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
    Citation
    Chust, G., Allen, J. I., Bopp, L., Schrum, C., Holt, J., Tsiaras, K., … Irigoien, X. (2014). Biomass changes and trophic amplification of plankton in a warmer ocean. Global Change Biology, 20(7), 2124–2139. doi:10.1111/gcb.12562
    Sponsors
    This research was funded by the European Commission (Contract no. 212085, MEECE: Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing Environment, and Contract no. 264933, EURO-BASIN: European Union Basin-scale Analysis, Synthesis and Integration). We also thank the three anonymous reviewers for their careful assessment of our manuscript. This is contribution 665 from AZTI-Tecnalia Marine Research Division.
    Publisher
    Wiley
    Journal
    Global Change Biology
    DOI
    10.1111/gcb.12562
    PubMed ID
    24604761
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1111/gcb.12562
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; Red Sea Research Center (RSRC); Marine Science Program

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