The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana
Type
ArticleAuthors
Rasmussen, Morten Arendt RendtAnzick, Sarah L.
Waters, Michael R.
Skoglund, Pontus
Degiorgio, Michael
Stafford, Thomas W Jr
Rasmussen, Simon B.
Moltke, Ida
Albrechtsen, Anders
Doyle, Shane M.
Poznik, G. David
Gudmundsdottir, Valborg
Yadav, Rachita
Malaspinas, Anna Sapfo
Samuel Stockton White, V.
Allentoft, Morten Erik
Cornejo, Omar Eduardo
Tambets, Kristiina
Eriksson, Anders

Heintzman, Peter D.
Karmin, Monika
Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand
Meltzer, David J.
Pierre, Tracey L.
Stenderup, Jesper T.
Saag, Lauri
Warmuth, Vera M.
Lopes, Margarida C.
Malhi, Ripan Singh
Brunak, Sören
Sicheritz-Pontén, Thomas
Barnes, Ian
Collins, Matthew J.
Orlando, Ludovic A A
Balloux, François
Manica, Andrea
Gupta, Ramneek
Metspalu, Mait
Bustamante, Carlos D.
Jakobsson, Mattias
Nielsen, Rasmus Wedel
Willerslev, Eske
KAUST Department
Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) DivisionBioscience Program
Integrative Systems Biology Lab
Date
2014-02-11Online Publication Date
2014-02-13Print Publication Date
2014-02Embargo End Date
2014-08-11Permanent link to this record
http://hdl.handle.net/10754/563390
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Clovis, with its distinctive biface, blade and osseous technologies, is the oldest widespread archaeological complex defined in North America, dating from 11,100 to 10,700 14 C years before present (bp) (13,000 to 12,600 calendar years bp). Nearly 50 years of archaeological research point to the Clovis complex as having developed south of the North American ice sheets from an ancestral technology. However, both the origins and the genetic legacy of the people who manufactured Clovis tools remain under debate. It is generally believed that these people ultimately derived from Asia and were directly related to contemporary Native Americans. An alternative, Solutrean, hypothesis posits that the Clovis predecessors emigrated from southwestern Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum. Here we report the genome sequence of a male infant (Anzick-1) recovered from the Anzick burial site in western Montana. The human bones date to 10,705 ± 35 14 C years bp (approximately 12,707-12,556 calendar years bp) and were directly associated with Clovis tools. We sequenced the genome to an average depth of 14.4× and show that the gene flow from the Siberian Upper Palaeolithic Mal'ta population into Native American ancestors is also shared by the Anzick-1 individual and thus happened before 12,600 years bp. We also show that the Anzick-1 individual is more closely related to all indigenous American populations than to any other group. Our data are compatible with the hypothesis that Anzick-1 belonged to a population directly ancestral to many contemporary Native Americans. Finally, we find evidence of a deep divergence in Native American populations that predates the Anzick-1 individual. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.Citation
Rasmussen, M., Anzick, S. L., Waters, M. R., Skoglund, P., DeGiorgio, M., Stafford, T. W., … Willerslev, E. (2014). The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana. Nature, 506(7487), 225–229. doi:10.1038/nature13025Sponsors
We thank the Danish National High-throughput DNA Sequencing Centre for help with sequencing, B. Henn and J. Kidd for assistance with Human Genome Diversity Project data, J. Keene for help with illustrations, M. Li, P. L. F. Johnson and M. Stoneking for help with the mtDNA analysis, L. A. Lahren for input to the site description and for establishing contact with the Native American groups, and J. E. Morrow, S. Fiedel and E. Lorenzen for comments on the manuscript. GeoGenetics were supported by the Lundbeck Foundation and the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF94). M. D. was supported by the US National Science Foundation (grant DBI-1103639). A.-S.M. was supported by the Swiss National Science foundation. G. D. P. was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) graduate research fellowship DGE-1147470. M. M., M. K., K. T. and L. S. were supported by the European Regional Development Fund through the Centre of Excellence in Genomics to Estonian Biocentre and University of Tartu, Estonian Basic Research (grant SF0270177As08) and Estonian Science Foundation (grant 8973). Computations in Uppsala were performed on resources provided by SNIC-UPPMAX (project b2012063) and in Tartu using the High Performance Computing Centre of the University of Tartu. A. E., V. M. W., M. C. L., F. B. and A. M. were supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (grant P25032 and BB/H005854/1). We thank the North Star Archaeological Research Program, Center for the Study of the First Americans, Texas A&M University, E. Hill, and Stafford Research, Inc. for funding some of the project.Publisher
Springer NatureJournal
NaturePubMed ID
24522598Additional Links
http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4878442?pdf=renderae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1038/nature13025
Scopus Count
Related articles
- Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans.
- Authors: Raghavan M, Skoglund P, Graf KE, Metspalu M, Albrechtsen A, Moltke I, Rasmussen S, Stafford TW Jr, Orlando L, Metspalu E, Karmin M, Tambets K, Rootsi S, Mägi R, Campos PF, Balanovska E, Balanovsky O, Khusnutdinova E, Litvinov S, Osipova LP, Fedorova SA, Voevoda MI, DeGiorgio M, Sicheritz-Ponten T, Brunak S, Demeshchenko S, Kivisild T, Villems R, Nielsen R, Jakobsson M, Willerslev E
- Issue date: 2014 Jan 2
- Reassessing the chronology of the archaeological site of Anzick.
- Authors: Becerra-Valdivia L, Waters MR, Stafford TW Jr, Anzick SL, Comeskey D, Devièse T, Higham T
- Issue date: 2018 Jul 3
- Mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome diversity and the peopling of the Americas: evolutionary and demographic evidence.
- Authors: Schurr TG, Sherry ST
- Issue date: 2004 Jul-Aug
- Late Pleistocene exploration and settlement of the Americas by modern humans.
- Authors: Waters MR
- Issue date: 2019 Jul 12
- Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan genome reveals first founding population of Native Americans.
- Authors: Moreno-Mayar JV, Potter BA, Vinner L, Steinrücken M, Rasmussen S, Terhorst J, Kamm JA, Albrechtsen A, Malaspinas AS, Sikora M, Reuther JD, Irish JD, Malhi RS, Orlando L, Song YS, Nielsen R, Meltzer DJ, Willerslev E
- Issue date: 2018 Jan 11