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    Cross-sectional analysis of fouled SWRO membranes by STEM-EDS

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Aubry, Cyril
    Khan, Muhammad
    Behzad, Ali Reza
    Anjum, Dalaver H. cc
    Gutiérrez, Leonardo A.
    Croue, Jean-Philippe
    KAUST Department
    Advanced Nanofabrication, Imaging and Characterization Core Lab
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Core Labs
    Environmental Science and Engineering Program
    Imaging and Characterization Core Lab
    Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)
    Date
    2014-01
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/563302
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    The intact cross-section of two fouled reverse osmosis membranes was characterized using a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) equipped with an electron energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS). Focused ion beam (FIB) was used to prepare a thin lamella of each membrane. These lamellas were then attached to a TEM grid for further STEM/EDS analysis. The foulant in sample A was mainly inorganic in nature and predominantly composed of alumino-silicate particles. These particles were surrounded by carbon at high concentrations, indicating the presence of organic materials. Iron was diffusely present in the cake layer and this could have enhanced the fouling process. The cake layer of membrane B was mainly consisted of organic matter (C, O, and N representing 95% of the total elemental composition) and organized in thin parallel layers. Small concentrations of Si, F, Na, Mg, and Cl were detected inside the active layer and support layer of the membrane. Due to the high sensitivity of the cake layer of membrane A to the electron beam, STEM/EDS line analyses might have been performed on large areas. On the other hand, the cake layer of sample B was resistant to the electron beam and the resolution of STEM/EDS was gradually improved until obtaining a resolution of 25. nm. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
    Citation
    Aubry, C., Khan, M. T., Behzad, A. R., Anjum, D. H., Gutierrez, L., & Croue, J.-P. (2014). Cross-sectional analysis of fouled SWRO membranes by STEM–EDS. Desalination, 333(1), 118–125. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2013.11.033
    Publisher
    Elsevier BV
    Journal
    Desalination
    DOI
    10.1016/j.desal.2013.11.033
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.desal.2013.11.033
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division; Environmental Science and Engineering Program; Imaging and Characterization Core Lab; Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)

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