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    Material and elastic properties of Al-tobermorite in ancient roman seawater concrete

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Jackson, Marie D.
    Moon, Juhyuk
    Gotti, Emanuele
    Taylor, Rae
    Chae, Sejungrosie
    Kunz, Martin
    Emwas, Abdul-Hamid M.
    Meral, Cagla
    Guttmann, Peter
    Levitz, Pierre E.
    Wenk, Hans Rudolf
    Monteiro, Paulo José Meleragno
    KAUST Department
    Imaging and Characterization Core Lab
    Advanced Nanofabrication, Imaging and Characterization Core Lab
    KAUST Grant Number
    KUS-l1-004021
    Date
    2013-05-28
    Online Publication Date
    2013-05-28
    Print Publication Date
    2013-08
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/562772
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    The material characteristics and elastic properties of aluminum-substituted 11 Å tobermorite in the relict lime clasts of 2000-year-old Roman seawater harbor concrete are described with TG-DSC and 29Si MAS NMR studies, along with nanoscale tomography, X-ray microdiffraction, and high-pressure X-ray diffraction synchrotron radiation applications. The crystals have aluminum substitution for silicon in tetrahedral bridging and branching sites and 11.49(3) Å interlayer (002) spacing. With prolonged heating to 350°C, the crystals exhibit normal behavior. The experimentally measured isothermal bulk modulus at zero pressure, K0, 55 ±5 GPa, is less than ab initio and molecular dynamics models for ideal tobermorite with a double-silicate chain structure. Even so, K0, is substantially higher than calcium-aluminum-silicate-hydrate binder (C-A-S-H) in slag concrete. Based on nanoscale tomographic study, the crystal clusters form a well connected solid, despite having about 52% porosity. In the pumiceous cementitious matrix, Al-tobermorite with 11.27 Å interlayer spacing is locally associated with phillipsite, similar to geologic occurrences in basaltic tephra. The ancient concretes provide a sustainable prototype for producing Al-tobermorite in high-performance concretes with natural volcanic pozzolans. © 2013 The American Ceramic Society.
    Citation
    Jackson, M. D., Moon, J., Gotti, E., Taylor, R., Chae, S. R., Kunz, M., … Monteiro, P. J. M. (2013). Material and Elastic Properties of Al-Tobermorite in Ancient Roman Seawater Concrete. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 96(8), 2598–2606. doi:10.1111/jace.12407
    Sponsors
    This research was supported by Award No. KUS-l1-004021, from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). Data were acquired at beamlines 12.2.2 and 12.3.2 at the Advanced Light Source at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories, supported by the Director of the Office of Science, Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and the Advanced Nanofabrication Imaging and Characterization Laboratories at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. We thank CTG Italcementi researchers and staff, especially B. Zanga, in Bergamo, Italy; G. Vola at Cimprogetti S.p.A., Dalmine, Italy; S. Clark at the 12.2.2 beamline; and N. Tamura at the 12.3.2 beamline; and the ROMACONS drilling program: J. P. Oleson, C. Brandon, R. Hohlfelder. T. Teague, D. Hernandez, C. Hargis, I. A. Delaney, and B. Black provided research support. We thank J. G. Moore, M. Sintubin, G. Sposito, P.-A. Itty, and J. Kirz for critical discussions, and three anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the manuscript.
    Publisher
    Wiley
    Journal
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society
    DOI
    10.1111/jace.12407
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1111/jace.12407
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Imaging and Characterization Core Lab

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