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    Control of cell proliferation, endoreduplication, cell size, and cell death by the retinoblastoma-related pathway in maize endosperm

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Sabelli, Paolo A.
    Liu, Yan
    Dante, Ricardo Augusto
    Lizarraga, Lucina E.
    Nguyen, Hong N.
    Brown, Sara W.
    Klingler, John cc
    Yu, Jingjuan
    LaBrant, Evan
    Layton, Tracy M.
    Feldman, Max
    Larkins, Brian A.
    KAUST Department
    Award Monitoring&Integrative Activities
    Center for Desert Agriculture
    Desert Agriculture Initiative
    Date
    2013-04-22
    Online Publication Date
    2013-04-22
    Print Publication Date
    2013-05-07
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/562723
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    The endospermof cereal grains is one of the most valuable products of modern agriculture. Cereal endosperm development comprises different phases characterized by mitotic cell proliferation, endoreduplication, the accumulation of storage compounds, and programmed cell death. Although manipulation of these processes could maximize grain yield, how they are regulated and integrated is poorly understood. We show that the Retinoblastoma-related (RBR) pathway controls key aspects of endosperm development in maize. Down-regulation of RBR1 by RNAi resulted in up-regulation of RBR3-type genes, as well as the MINICHROMOSOME MAINTENANCE 2-7 gene family and PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN, which encode essential DNA replication factors. Both the mitotic and endoreduplication cell cycles were stimulated. Developing transgenic endosperm contained 42-58% more cells and ~70% more DNA than wild type, whereas there was a reduction in cell and nuclear sizes. In addition, cell death was enhanced. The DNA content of mature endosperm increased 43% upon RBR1 downregulation, whereas storage protein content and kernel weight were essentially not affected. Down-regulation of both RBR1 and CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE A (CDKA);1 indicated that CDKA;1 is epistatic to RBR1 and controls endoreduplication through an RBR1- dependent pathway. However, the repressive activity of RBR1 on downstream targets was independent from CDKA;1, suggesting diversification of RBR1 activities. Furthermore, RBR1 negatively regulated CDK activity, suggesting the presence of a feedback loop. These results indicate that the RBR1 pathway plays a major role in regulation of different processes during maize endosperm development and suggest the presence of tissue/organlevel regulation of endosperm/seed homeostasis.
    Publisher
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Journal
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    DOI
    10.1073/pnas.1304903110
    PubMed ID
    23610440
    PubMed Central ID
    PMC3651506
    Additional Links
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3651506
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1073/pnas.1304903110
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Desert Agriculture Initiative

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