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    The role of inorganic ions in the calcium carbonate scaling of seawater reverse osmosis systems

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Waly, Tarek
    Kennedy, Maria Dolores
    Witkamp, Geert-Jan
    Amy, Gary L.
    Schippers, Jan Cornelis
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Environmental Science and Engineering Program
    Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)
    Date
    2012-01
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/562042
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    In supersaturated solutions the period preceding the start of 'measurable' crystallization is normally referred to as the 'induction time'. This research project aimed to investigate the induction times of CaCO 3 in the presence of Mg 2+ and SO 4 2-. The prepared synthetic solutions have the same ionic strength values found in the Gulf of Oman SWRO concentrates at 30% and 50% recovery. The results showed a significant increase in the induction time by 1140%, 2820%, and 3880% for a recovery of 50%, when adding SO 4 2- only, Mg 2+ only, or both Mg 2+ and SO 4 2-, respectively, to synthetic SWRO concentrate compared to that obtained in the absence of Mg 2+ and SO 4 2- at an initial pH of 8.3. The increase in the induction time in the presence of SO 4 2- was more than likely to be due to nucleation and growth inhibition while the presence of Mg 2+ affected the nucleation and growth through both complexation and inhibition. After a 5-month solution stabilization period, ESEM and XRD analyses showed aragonite in solutions containing Mg 2+. On the contrary, calcite was the final crystal phase formed in solutions with no Mg 2+. This suggests that magnesium may play an important role in inhibiting the formation of calcite. © 2011 Elsevier B.V..
    Citation
    Waly, T., Kennedy, M. D., Witkamp, G.-J., Amy, G., & Schippers, J. C. (2012). The role of inorganic ions in the calcium carbonate scaling of seawater reverse osmosis systems. Desalination, 284, 279–287. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2011.09.012
    Publisher
    Elsevier BV
    Journal
    Desalination
    DOI
    10.1016/j.desal.2011.09.012
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.desal.2011.09.012
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; Environmental Science and Engineering Program; Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)

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