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    Rejection of micropollutants by clean and fouled forward osmosis membrane

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Valladares Linares, Rodrigo cc
    Yangali-Quintanilla, Victor
    Li, Zhenyu
    Amy, Gary L.
    KAUST Department
    Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Environmental Science and Engineering Program
    Date
    2011-12
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/561944
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    As forward osmosis (FO) gains attention as an efficient technology to improve wastewater reclamation processes, it is fundamental to determine the influence of fouling in the rejection of emerging contaminants (micropollutants). This study focuses on the rejection of 13 selected micropollutants, spiked in a secondary wastewater effluent, by a FO membrane, using Red Sea water as draw solution (DS), differentiating the effects on the rejection caused by a clean and fouled membrane. The resulting effluent was then desalinated at low pressure with a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, to produce a high quality permeate and determine the rejection with a coupled forward osmosis - low pressure reverse osmosis (FO-LPRO) system. When considering only FO with a clean membrane, the rejection of the hydrophilic neutral compounds was between 48.6% and 84.7%, for the hydrophobic neutrals the rejection ranged from 40.0% to 87.5%, and for the ionic compounds the rejections were between 92.9% and 96.5%. With a fouled membrane, the rejections were between 44.6% and 95.2%, 48.7%-91.5% and 96.9%-98.6%, respectively. These results suggest that, except for the hydrophilic neutral compounds, the rejection of the micropollutants is increased by the presence of a fouling layer, possibly due to the higher hydrophilicity of the FO fouled membrane compared to the clean one, the increased adsorption capacity of hydrophilic compounds and reduced mass transport capacity, membrane swelling, and the higher negative charge of the membrane surface, related to the foulants composition, mainly NOM acids (carboxylic radicals) and polysaccharides or polysaccharide-like substances. However, when coupled with RO, the rejections in both cases increased above 96%. The coupled FO-LPRO system was an effective double barrier against the selected micropollutants. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
    Publisher
    Elsevier BV
    Journal
    Water Research
    DOI
    10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.037
    PubMed ID
    22055122
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.037
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division; Environmental Science and Engineering Program; Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)

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