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    Nitrate reduction, nitrous oxide formation, and anaerobic ammonia oxidation to nitrite in the gut of soil-feeding termites (Cubitermes and Ophiotermes spp.)

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Ngugi, David cc
    Brune, Andreas
    KAUST Department
    Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)
    Date
    2011-11-28
    Online Publication Date
    2011-11-28
    Print Publication Date
    2012-04
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/561931
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Soil-feeding termites play important roles in the dynamics of carbon and nitrogen in tropical soils. Through the mineralization of nitrogenous humus components, their intestinal tracts accumulate enormous amounts of ammonia, and nitrate and nitrite concentrations are several orders of magnitude above those in the ingested soil. Here, we studied the metabolism of nitrate in the different gut compartments of two Cubitermes and one Ophiotermes species using 15N isotope tracer analysis. Living termites emitted N 2 at rates ranging from 3.8 to 6.8nmolh -1 (g fresh wt.) -1. However, in homogenates of individual gut sections, denitrification was restricted to the posterior hindgut, whereas nitrate ammonification occurred in all gut compartments and was the prevailing process in the anterior gut. Potential rates of nitrate ammonification for the entire intestinal tract were tenfold higher than those of denitrification, implying that ammonification is the major sink for ingested nitrate in the intestinal tract of soil-feeding termites. Because nitrate is efficiently reduced already in the anterior gut, reductive processes in the posterior gut compartments must be fuelled by an endogenous source of oxidized nitrogen species. Quite unexpectedly, we observed an anaerobic oxidation of 15N-labelled ammonia to nitrite, especially in the P4 section, which is presumably driven by ferric iron; nitrification and anammox activities were not detected. Two of the termite species also emitted substantial amounts of N 2O, ranging from 0.4 to 3.9nmolh -1 (g fresh wt.) -1, providing direct evidence that soil-feeding termites are a hitherto unrecognized source of this greenhouse gas in tropical soils. © 2011 Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Citation
    Ngugi, D. K., & Brune, A. (2011). Nitrate reduction, nitrous oxide formation, and anaerobic ammonia oxidation to nitrite in the gut of soil-feeding termites (Cubitermes and Ophiotermes spp.). Environmental Microbiology, 14(4), 860–871. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02648.x
    Publisher
    Wiley
    Journal
    Environmental Microbiology
    DOI
    10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02648.x
    PubMed ID
    22118414
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02648.x
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)

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