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    Plate boundary deformation in North Iceland during 1992–2009 revealed by InSAR time-series analysis and GPS

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    Metzger_Nice-InSAR_Tect14_MS.pdf
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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Metzger, Sabrina cc
    Jonsson, Sigurjon cc
    KAUST Department
    Crustal Deformation and InSAR Group
    Earth Science and Engineering Program
    Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division
    Date
    2014-08-20
    Online Publication Date
    2014-08-20
    Print Publication Date
    2014-11
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/556725
    
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    Abstract
    In North Iceland, extensional plate motion is accommodated by the Northern Volcanic Zone, a set of en-echelon volcanic systems, and the Tjörnes Fracture Zone, a transform offset in the mid-Atlantic Ridge consisting of two parallel transform lineaments. The southern lineament, the Húsavík–Flatey fault, is a 100 km-long right-lateral strike slip fault that has not ruptured for more than 140 years and poses a significant seismic hazard to Húsavík, a fishing town located by the fault, and to other coastal communities. We present results of InSAR time-series analysis data spanning almost two decades (1992–2009) that show extensional and interseismic deformation within the Northern Volcanic Zone and the on-shore part of the Tjörnes Fracture Zone. The results also exhibit transient inflation at Theistareykir volcano, deflation at Krafla central volcano and a broad uplift north of Krafla. The current plate extension is not uniform across the Northern Volcanic Zone, but concentrated at the western fissures of the Theistareykir volcanic system and the outermost fissures of the Krafla fissure swarm. We combine a back-slip plate boundary model with a set of point pressure sources representing volcanic changes to describe the current extensional plate boundary deformation and update the previous estimations of the locking depth and slip rate of the Húsavík–Flatey fault that were based on GPS data alone. Using different combinations of input data, we find that the Húsavík–Flatey fault has a locking depth of 6–10 km and, with a slip rate of 6–9 mm/yr, is accommodating about a third of the full transform motion. We furthermore show that while the InSAR data provide important constraints on the volcanic deformation within the NVZ, they do not significantly improve the model parameter estimation for the HFF, as the dense GPS network appears to better capture the deformation across the fault.
    Citation
    Plate boundary deformation in North Iceland during 1992–2009 revealed by InSAR time-series analysis and GPS 2014, 634:127 Tectonophysics
    Publisher
    Elsevier BV
    Journal
    Tectonophysics
    DOI
    10.1016/j.tecto.2014.07.027
    Additional Links
    http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040195114004077
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.tecto.2014.07.027
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division; Earth Science and Engineering Program

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