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    Antarctic krill swarm characteristics in the Southeast Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Krafft, BA
    Skaret, G
    Knutsen, T
    Melle, W
    Klevjer, Thor Aleksander
    Søiland, H
    KAUST Department
    Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)
    Date
    2012-09-28
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/555782
    
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    Abstract
    Knowledge about swarm dynamics and underlying causes is essential to understand the ecology and distribution of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba. We collected acoustic data and key environmental data continuously across extensive gradients in the little-studied Southeast Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. A total of 4791 krill swarms with swarm descriptors including swarm height and length, packing density, swimming depth and inter-swarm distance were extracted. Through multivariate statistics, swarms were categorized into 4 groups. Group 2 swarms were largest (median length 108 m and thickness 18 m), whereas swarms in both Groups 1 and 4 were on average small, but differed markedly in depth distribution (median: 52 m for Group 1 vs. 133 m for Group 4). There was a strong spatial autocorrelation in the occurrence of swarms, and an autologistic regression model found no prediction of swarm occurrence from environmental variables for any of the Groups 1, 2 or 4. Probability of occurrence of Group 3 swarms, however, increased with increasing depth and temperature. Group 3 was the most distinctive swarm group with an order of magnitude higher packing density (median: 226 ind. m−3) than swarms from any of the other groups and about twice the distance to nearest neighbor swarm (median: 493 m). The majority of the krill were present in Group 3 swarms, and the absence of association with hydrographic or topographic concentrating mechanisms strongly suggests that these swarms aggregate through their own locomotion, possibly associated with migration.
    Citation
    Antarctic krill swarm characteristics in the Southeast Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean 2012, 465:69 Marine Ecology Progress Series
    Publisher
    Inter-Research Science Center
    Journal
    Marine Ecology Progress Series
    DOI
    10.3354/meps09876
    Additional Links
    http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v465/p69-83/
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3354/meps09876
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