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    Seasonal and diel patterns in sedimentary flux of krill fecal pellets recorded by an echo sounder

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Røstad, Anders cc
    Kaartvedt, Stein cc
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Marine Science Program
    Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)
    Date
    2013-10-21
    Online Publication Date
    2013-10-21
    Print Publication Date
    2013-11
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/554358
    
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    Abstract
    We used a moored upward-facing 200 kHz echo sounder to address sedimentation of fecal pellets (FPs) from dielly migrating Meganyctiphanes norvegica. The echo sounder was located on the bottom at 150 m depth in the Oslofjord, Norway, and was cabled to shore for continuous measurements during winter and spring. Records of sinking pellets were for the first time observed with an echo sounder. Seasonal patterns of sedimentation of krill FPs were strongly correlated with data from continuous measurement of fluorescence, which illustrate the development of the spring bloom. Sedimenting particles were first observed as fluorescence values started to increase at the end of February and continued to increase until the bloom suddenly culminated at the end of March. This collapse of the bloom was detected on the echo sounder as a pulse of slowly sinking acoustic targets over a 2 d period. Prior to this event, there was a strong diel pattern in sedimentation, which correlated, with some time lag, with the diel migration of krill foraging at night near the surface. Pellet average sinking speeds ranged between 423 m d−1 and 804 m d−1, with a strong relation to pellet target strength, which is an acoustic proxy for size. This novel approach shows that echo sounders may be a valuable tool in studies of vertical pellet flux and, thereby, carbon flux, providing temporal resolution and direct observation of the sedimentation process, which are not obtained from standard methods.
    Citation
    Seasonal and diel patterns in sedimentary flux of krill fecal pellets recorded by an echo sounder 2013, 58 (6):1985 Limnology and Oceanography
    Publisher
    Wiley
    Journal
    Limnology and Oceanography
    DOI
    10.4319/lo.2013.58.6.1985
    Additional Links
    http://doi.wiley.com/10.4319/lo.2013.58.6.1985
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.4319/lo.2013.58.6.1985
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division; Red Sea Research Center (RSRC); Marine Science Program

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