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    The seismic cycle at subduction thrusts: 1. Insights from laboratory models

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Corbi, F.
    Funiciello, F.
    Moroni, M.
    van Dinther, Y.
    Mai, Paul Martin cc
    Dalguer, L. A.
    Faccenna, C.
    KAUST Department
    Computational Earthquake Seismology (CES) Research Group
    Earth Science and Engineering Program
    Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division
    Date
    2013-04-15
    Online Publication Date
    2013-04-15
    Print Publication Date
    2013-04
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/552180
    
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    Abstract
    Subduction megathrust earthquakes occur at the interface between the subducting and overriding plates. These hazardous phenomena are only partially understood because of the absence of direct observations, the restriction of the instrumental seismic record to the past century, and the limited resolution/completeness of historical to geological archives. To overcome these restrictions, modeling has become a key-tool to study megathrust earthquakes. We present a novel model to investigate the seismic cycle at subduction thrusts using complementary analog (paper 1) and numerical (paper 2) approaches. Here we introduce a simple scaled gelatin-on-sandpaper setup including realistic tectonic loading, spontaneous rupture nucleation, and viscoelastic response of the lithosphere. Particle image velocimetry allows to derive model deformation and earthquake source parameters. Analog earthquakes are characterized by “quasi-periodic” recurrence. Consistent with elastic theory, the interseismic stage shows rearward motion, subsidence in the outer wedge and uplift of the “coastal area” as a response of locked plate interface at shallow depth. The coseismic stage exhibits order of magnitude higher velocities and reversal of the interseismic deformation pattern in the seaward direction, subsidence of the coastal area, and uplift in the outer wedge. Like natural earthquakes, analog earthquakes generally nucleate in the deeper portion of the rupture area and preferentially propagate upward in a crack-like fashion. Scaled rupture width-slip proportionality and seismic moment-duration scaling verifies dynamic similarities with earthquakes. Experimental repeatability is statistically verified. Comparing analog results with natural observations, we conclude that this technique is suitable for investigating the parameter space influencing the subduction interplate seismic cycle.
    Citation
    The seismic cycle at subduction thrusts: 1. Insights from laboratory models 2013, 118 (4):1483 Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
    Publisher
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Journal
    Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
    DOI
    10.1029/2012JB009481
    Additional Links
    http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2012JB009481
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1029/2012JB009481
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division; Earth Science and Engineering Program

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