Extraordinary magnetoresistance in semiconductor/metal hybrids: A review
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Sun, JianKosel, Jürgen
KAUST Department
Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) DivisionElectrical Engineering Program
Sensing, Magnetism and Microsystems Lab
Date
2013-02-13Permanent link to this record
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The Extraordinary Magnetoresistance (EMR) effect is a change in the resistance of a device upon the application of a magnetic field in hybrid structures, consisting of a semiconductor and a metal. The underlying principle of this phenomenon is a change of the current path in the hybrid structure upon application of a magnetic field, due to the Lorentz force. Specifically, the ratio of current, flowing through the highly conducting metal and the poorly conducting semiconductor, changes. The main factors for the device's performance are: the device geometry, the conductivity of the metal and semiconductor, and the mobility of carriers in the semiconductor. Since the discovery of the EMR effect, much effort has been devoted to utilize its promising potential. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the research on the EMR effect and EMR devices is provided. Different geometries of EMR devices are compared with respect to MR ratio and output sensitivity, and the criteria of material selection for high-performance devices are discussed. 2013 by the authors.Citation
Sun J, Kosel J (2013) Extraordinary Magnetoresistance in Semiconductor/Metal Hybrids: A Review. Materials 6: 500-516. doi:10.3390/ma6020500.Publisher
MDPI AGJournal
MaterialsScopus Count
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Extraordinary Magnetoresistance Effect in Semiconductor/Metal Hybrid Structure(2013-06-27) [Dissertation]
Advisor: Kosel, Jürgen
Committee members: Foulds, Ian G.; Grundler, Dirk; Hadwiger, MarkusIn this dissertation, the extraordinary magnetoresistance (EMR) effect in semiconductor/metal hybrid structures is studied to improve the performance in sensing applications. Using two-dimensional finite element simulations, the geometric dependence of the output sensitivity, which is a more relevant parameter for EMR sensors than the magnetoresistance (MR), is studied. The results show that the optimal geometry in this case is different from the geometry reported before, where the MR ratio was optimized. A device consisting of a semiconductor bar with length/width ratio of 5~10 and having only 2 contacts is found to exhibit the highest sensitivity. A newly developed three-dimensional finite element model is employed to investigate parameters that have been neglected with the two dimensional simulations utilized so far, i.e., thickness of metal shunt and arbitrary semiconductor/metal interface. The simulations show the influence of those parameters on the sensitivity is up to 10 %. The model also enables exploring the EMR effect in planar magnetic fields. In case of a bar device, the sensitivity to planar fields is about 15 % to 20 % of the one to perpendicular fields. 5 A “top-contacted” structure is proposed to reduce the complexity of fabrication, where neither patterning of the semiconductor nor precise alignment is required. A comparison of the new structure with a conventionally fabricated device shows that a similar magnetic field resolution of 24 nT/√Hz is obtained. A new 3-contact device is developed improving the poor low-field sensitivity observed in conventional EMR devices, resulting from its parabolic magnetoresistance response. The 3-contact device provides a considerable boost of the low field response by combining the Hall effect with the EMR effect, resulting in an increase of the output sensitivity by 5 times at 0.01 T compared to a 2-contact device. The results of this dissertation provide new insights into the optimization of EMR devices for sensor applications. Two novel concepts are presented, which are promising for realizing EMR devices with high spatial resolution and for opening new applications for EMR sensors in the low-field regime. -
A top-contacted extraordinary magnetoresistance sensor fabricated with an unpatterned semiconductor epilayer(IEEE Electron Device Letters, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2013-04) [Article]An extraordinary magnetoresistance device is developed from an unpatterned semiconductor epilayer onto which the metal contacts are fabricated. Compared with conventionally fabricated devices, for which semiconductor patterning and precise alignment are required, this design is not only easier from a technological point of view, but it also has the potential to reduce damage introduced to the semiconductor during fabrication. The device shows a similar magnetoresistance ratio as a conventional one but it has a lower sensitivity. Because of the reduced resistance, and hence less noise, high magnetic field resolution is maintained. © 1980-2012 IEEE.
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Optimization of an extraordinary magnetoresistance sensor in the semiconductor-metal hybrid structure(2010 IEEE Sensors, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2010-11) [Conference Paper]The purpose of this paper is to show by numerical computation how geometric parameters influence the Extraordinary Magnetoresistance (EMR) effect in an InAs-Au hybrid device. Symmetric IVVI and VIIV configurations were considered. The results show that the width and the length-width ratio of InAs are important geometrical parameters for the EMR effect along with the placement of the leads. Approximately the same EMR effect was obtained for both IVVI and VIIV configurations when the applied magnetic field ranged from -1T to 1T. In an optimized geometry the EMR effect can reach 43000% at 1Tesla for IVVI and 42700% at 1 Tesla for the VIIV configuration. ©2010 IEEE.
