An Immunity-Triggering Effector from the Barley Smut Fungus Ustilago hordei Resides in an Ustilaginaceae-Specific Cluster Bearing Signs of Transposable Element-Assisted Evolution
Name:
Article-PLoS_Patho-An_Immunit-2014.pdf
Size:
7.191Mb
Format:
PDF
Description:
Article - Full Text
Name:
Supplement_1_-_PLoS_Patho-An_Immunit-2014.ppat.1004223.s001.pdf
Size:
483.3Kb
Format:
PDF
Description:
Supplemental File 1
Name:
Supplement_2_-_PLoS_Patho-An_Immunit-2014.ppat.1004223.s002.pdf
Size:
184.7Kb
Format:
PDF
Description:
Supplemental File 2
Name:
Supplement_3_-_PLoS_Patho-An_Immunit-2014.ppat.1004223.s003.pdf
Size:
5.412Mb
Format:
PDF
Description:
Supplemental File 3
Name:
Supplement_4_-_PLoS_Patho-An_Immunit-2014.ppat.1004223.s004.pdf
Size:
141.8Kb
Format:
PDF
Description:
Supplemental File 4
Name:
Supplement_5_-_PLoS_Patho-An_Immunit-2014.ppat.1004223.s005.pdf
Size:
202.9Kb
Format:
PDF
Description:
Supplemental File 5
Name:
Supplement_6_-_PLoS_Patho-An_Immunit-2014.ppat.1004223.s006.pdf
Size:
84.77Kb
Format:
PDF
Description:
Supplemental File 6
Name:
Supplement_7_-_PLoS_Patho-An_Immunit-2014.ppat.1004223.s007.pdf
Size:
96.53Kb
Format:
PDF
Description:
Supplemental File 7
Name:
Supplement_8_-_PLoS_Patho-An_Immunit-2014.ppat.1004223.s008.pdf
Size:
177.1Kb
Format:
PDF
Description:
Supplemental File 8
Name:
Supplement_9_-_PLoS_Patho-An_Immunit-2014.ppat.1004223.s009.pdf
Size:
28.70Kb
Format:
PDF
Description:
Supplemental File 9
Name:
Supplement_10_-_PLoS_Patho-An_Immunit-2014.ppat.1004223.s010.pdf
Size:
132.5Kb
Format:
PDF
Description:
Supplemental File 10
Name:
Supplement_11_-_PLoS_Patho-An_Immunit-2014.ppat.1004223.s011.pdf
Size:
120.7Kb
Format:
PDF
Description:
Supplemental File 11
Name:
Supplement_12_-_PLoS_Patho-An_Immunit-2014.ppat.1004223.s012.pdf
Size:
108.1Kb
Format:
PDF
Description:
Supplemental File 12
Name:
Supplement_13_-_PLoS_Patho-An_Immunit-2014.ppat.1004223.s013.pdf
Size:
396.3Kb
Format:
PDF
Description:
Supplemental File 13
Name:
Supplement_14_-_PLoS_Patho-An_Immunit-2014.ppat.1004223.s014.pdf
Size:
118.3Kb
Format:
PDF
Description:
Supplemental File 14
Name:
Supplement_15_-_PLoS_Patho-An_Immunit-2014.ppat.1004223.s015.pdf
Size:
100.5Kb
Format:
PDF
Description:
Supplemental File 15
Type
ArticleAuthors
Ali, Shawkat
Laurie, John D.
Linning, Rob
Cervantes-Chávez, José Antonio
Gaudet, Denis
Bakkeren, Guus
KAUST Department
Desert Agriculture InitiativeBiological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
Date
2014-07-03Permanent link to this record
http://hdl.handle.net/10754/334596
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
The basidiomycete smut fungus Ustilago hordei was previously shown to comprise isolates that are avirulent on various barley host cultivars. Through genetic crosses we had revealed that a dominant avirulence locus UhAvr1 which triggers immunity in barley cultivar Hannchen harboring resistance gene Ruh1, resided within an 80-kb region. DNA sequence analysis of this genetically delimited region uncovered the presence of 7 candidate secreted effector proteins. Sequence comparison of their coding sequences among virulent and avirulent parental and field isolates could not distinguish UhAvr1 candidates. Systematic deletion and complementation analyses revealed that UhAvr1 is UHOR_10022 which codes for a small effector protein of 171 amino acids with a predicted 19 amino acid signal peptide. Virulence in the parental isolate is caused by the insertion of a fragment of 5.5 kb with similarity to a common U. hordei transposable element (TE), interrupting the promoter of UhAvr1 and thereby changing expression and hence recognition of UhAVR1p. This rearrangement is likely caused by activities of TEs and variation is seen among isolates. Using GFP-chimeric constructs we show that UhAvr1 is induced only in mated dikaryotic hyphae upon sensing and infecting barley coleoptile cells. When infecting Hannchen, UhAVR1p causes local callose deposition and the production of reactive oxygen species and necrosis indicative of the immune response. UhAvr1 does not contribute significantly to overall virulence. UhAvr1 is located in a cluster of ten effectors with several paralogs and over 50% of TEs. This cluster is syntenous with clusters in closely-related U. maydis and Sporisorium reilianum. In these corn-infecting species, these clusters harbor however more and further diversified homologous effector families but very few TEs. This increased variability may have resulted from past selection pressure by resistance genes since U. maydis is not known to trigger immunity in its corn host. © 2014 Ali et al.Citation
Ali S, Laurie JD, Linning R, Cervantes-Chávez JA, Gaudet D, et al. (2014) An Immunity-Triggering Effector from the Barley Smut Fungus Ustilago hordei Resides in an Ustilaginaceae-Specific Cluster Bearing Signs of Transposable Element-Assisted Evolution. PLoS Pathog 10: e1004223. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004223.Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)Journal
PLoS PathogensPubMed ID
24992661PubMed Central ID
PMC4081816ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1371/journal.ppat.1004223
Scopus Count
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Related articles
- Marker-based cloning of the region containing the UhAvr1 avirulence gene from the basidiomycete barley pathogen Ustilago hordei.
- Authors: Linning R, Lin D, Lee N, Abdennadher M, Gaudet D, Thomas P, Mills D, Kronstad JW, Bakkeren G
- Issue date: 2004 Jan
- UhAVR1, an HR-Triggering Avirulence Effector of <i>Ustilago hordei</i>, Is Secreted via the ER-Golgi Pathway, Localizes to the Cytosol of Barley Cells during <i>in Planta</i>-Expression, and Contributes to Virulence Early in Infection.
- Authors: Montenegro Alonso AP, Ali S, Song X, Linning R, Bakkeren G
- Issue date: 2020 Sep 18
- Pep1, a secreted effector protein of Ustilago maydis, is required for successful invasion of plant cells.
- Authors: Doehlemann G, van der Linde K, Assmann D, Schwammbach D, Hof A, Mohanty A, Jackson D, Kahmann R
- Issue date: 2009 Feb
- Characterization of ApB73, a virulence factor important for colonization of Zea mays by the smut Ustilago maydis.
- Authors: Stirnberg A, Djamei A
- Issue date: 2016 Dec
- Alternative cell death mechanisms determine epidermal resistance in incompatible barley-Ustilago interactions.
- Authors: Hof A, Zechmann B, Schwammbach D, Hückelhoven R, Doehlemann G
- Issue date: 2014 May