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    Surfacing behavior and gas release of the physostome sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in ice-free and ice-covered waters

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    Article-Marine_Bio-Surfacing_-2014.pdf
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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Solberg, Ingrid
    Kaartvedt, Stein cc
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Marine Science Program
    Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)
    Date
    2013-10-04
    Online Publication Date
    2013-10-04
    Print Publication Date
    2014-02
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/325236
    
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    Abstract
    Upward-facing echosounders that provided continuous, long-term measurements were applied to address the surfacing behavior and gas release of the physostome sprat (Sprattus sprattus) throughout an entire winter in a 150-m-deep Norwegian fjord. During ice-free conditions, the sprat surfaced and released gas bubbles at night with an estimated surfacing rate of 3.5 times per fish day-1. The vertical swimming speeds during surfacing were considerably higher (~10 times) than during diel vertical migrations, especially when returning from the surface, and particularly when the fjord was not ice covered. The sprat released gas a few hours after surfacing, suggesting that the sprat gulped atmospheric air during its excursions to the surface. While the surface activity increased after the fjord became ice covered, the records of gas release decreased sharply. The under-ice fish then displayed a behavior interpreted as "searching for the surface" by repeatedly ascending toward the ice, apparently with limited success of filling the swim bladder. This interpretation was supported by lower acoustic target strength in ice-covered waters. The frequent surfacing behavior demonstrated in this study indicates that gulping of atmospheric air is an important element in the life of sprat. While at least part of the population endured overwintering in the ice-covered habitat, ice covering may constrain those physostome fishes that lack a gas-generating gland in ways that remain to be established. 2013 The Author(s).
    Citation
    Solberg I, Kaartvedt S (2013) Surfacing behavior and gas release of the physostome sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in ice-free and ice-covered waters. Marine Biology 161: 285-296. doi:10.1007/s00227-013-2334-1.
    Publisher
    Springer Nature
    Journal
    Marine Biology
    DOI
    10.1007/s00227-013-2334-1
    PubMed ID
    24489410
    PubMed Central ID
    PMC3901932
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1007/s00227-013-2334-1
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division; Red Sea Research Center (RSRC); Marine Science Program

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