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    Forward Osmosis/Low Pressure Reverse Osmosis for Water Reuse: Removal of Organic Micropollutants, Fouling and Cleaning

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    RodrigoValladaresLinaresThesis.pdf
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    Type
    Thesis
    Authors
    Valladares Linares, Rodrigo cc
    Advisors
    Amy, Gary L.
    Wang, Peng cc
    Committee members
    Yangali-Quintanilla, Victor
    Program
    Environmental Science and Engineering
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Date
    2011-07
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/209383
    
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    Abstract
    Forward osmosis (FO) is a natural process in which a solution with high concentration of solutes is diluted when being in contact, through a semipermeable membrane, with a low concentration solution. This osmotic process has been demonstrated to be efficient to recover wastewater effluents while diluting a saline draw solution. Nevertheless, the study of the removal of micropollutants by FO is barely described in the literature. This research focuses on the removal of these substances spiked in a secondary wastewater effluent, while diluting water from the Red Sea, generating feed water that can be desalinated with a low pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) system. Another goal of this work is to characterize the fouling of the FO membrane, and its effect on micropollutants rejection, as well as the membrane cleaning efficiency of different methods. When considering only FO with a clean membrane, the rejection of the hydrophilic neutral compounds was between 48.6% and 84.7%, for the hydrophobic neutrals the rejection ranged from 40.0% to 87.5%, and for the ionic compounds the rejections were between 92.9% and 96.5%. With a fouled membrane, the rejections were between 44.6% to 95.2%, 48.7% to 91.5% and 96.9% to 98.6%, respectively. These results suggest that, except for the hydrophilic neutral compounds, the rejection of the micropollutants is increased by the fouling layer, possibly due to the higher hydrophilicity of the FO fouled membrane compared to the clean one, the increased adsorption capacity and reduced mass transport capacity, membrane swelling, and the higher negative charge of the surface, related to the foulants. However, when coupled with low pressure reverse osmosis, the rejections for both, the clean and fouled membrane, increased above 98%. The fouling layer, after characterizing the wastewater effluent and the concentrated wastewater after the FO process, proved to be composed of biopolymers, which can be removed with air scouring during short periods of time, reaching a flux recovery of more than 90%, proving that this cleaning method is very effective; chemical cleaning was effective against transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) attached to the support layer of the membrane.
    Citation
    Valladares Linares, R. (2011). Forward Osmosis/Low Pressure Reverse Osmosis for Water Reuse: Removal of Organic Micropollutants, Fouling and Cleaning. KAUST Research Repository. https://doi.org/10.25781/KAUST-361J5
    DOI
    10.25781/KAUST-361J5
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.25781/KAUST-361J5
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; Environmental Science and Engineering Program; MS Theses

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